Impacto de la infección por SARS Cov-2 en la fertilidad femenina. Una revisión Sistemática

Paula Sofia Torres Campoverde; Homero Abel Chacho Aucay; Katherine Salomé Herraez Maldonado; María Paz Campos Auquilla; Pedro Andrés Córdova Araujo

doi:10.70881/hnj/v4/n1/104

Autores/as

Paula Sofia Torres Campoverde Universidad del Azuay Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2185-4171
Homero Abel Chacho Aucay Universidad Católica de Cuenca Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-5341
Katherine Salomé Herraez Maldonado Universidad de Cuenca Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-2506
María Paz Campos Auquilla Universidad del Azuay Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2428-2415
Pedro Andrés Córdova Araujo Universidad del Azuay Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5335-984X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70881/hnj/v4/n1/104

Palabras clave:

SARS-CoV-2, sistema reproductivo femenino, endometrio, ciclo menstrual, reserva ovárica

Resumen

La infección por SARS-CoV-2 ha sido ampliamente estudiada por su impacto respiratorio, sin embargo, en la actualidad existe evidencia que sugiere posibles repercusiones sobre la salud reproductiva femenina. Objetivo: describir el impacto de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en la fertilidad femenina. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en PubMed, ScienceDirect y SciELO, incluyendo estudios en español e inglés publicados entre 2020 y 2025, según criterios PRISMA. Tras el proceso de cribado, se incluyeron 9 estudios relevantes para el análisis. Resultados: Los hallazgos sugieren que la infección por SARS-CoV-2 puede asociarse con alteraciones transitorias en el microambiente ovárico, cambios hormonales, presencia de anticuerpos IgG en el líquido folicular y modificaciones en citocinas y factores angiogénicos, lo que podría afectar la calidad ovocitaria y los resultados reproductivos, especialmente en técnicas de reproducción asistida. Aunque algunos estudios no evidencian efectos clínicos significativos a largo plazo, la heterogeneidad metodológica limita conclusiones definitivas. Conclusión: en conjunto, la evidencia indica que el SARS-CoV-2 no es un evento biológicamente neutro para la fertilidad femenina, destacando la necesidad de estudios longitudinales para esclarecer su impacto real y orientar la toma de decisiones clínicas

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