Potencial de Trichoderma spp como agente antagonista de Phytophthora palmivora en plántulas de cacao variedad CCN-51
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70881/hnj/v3/n2/58Palabras clave:
Biocontrol, cacao, incidencia, severidad, inhibiciónResumen
Phytophthora palmivora es un patógeno devastador en cultivos de cacao, que causa enfermedades como la podredumbre de la vaina y la pudrición de la raíz, afectando significativamente la productividad y calidad de los cultivos. Dado que el control químico presenta desafíos debido a la resistencia del patógeno y sus efectos ambientales, el control biológico mediante hongos como Trichoderma harzianum se presenta como una alternativa prometedora. Este estudio evaluó el potencial de tres cepas de Trichoderma (TCH-01, TCH-22, TCH-09) como agentes biocontroladores de P. palmivora en plántulas de cacao variedad CCN-51. Se realizaron evaluaciones de crecimiento radial de las cepas, inhibición del crecimiento y esporulación de P. palmivora in vitro, así como de la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad en las plántulas tratadas. Los resultados mostraron que TCH-01 fue la cepa más eficaz, logrando una inhibición del crecimiento de P. palmivora del 80% y una inhibición de la esporulación del 96%, lo que fue significativamente superior a las otras cepas. En las plántulas de cacao, TCH-01 también presentó la menor incidencia (10%) y severidad (20%) de la enfermedad, en comparación con los controles. Estos resultados demuestran que TCH-01 tiene un alto potencial para ser utilizado como biocontrolador de P. palmivora, contribuyendo a estrategias de manejo más sostenibles y reduciendo la dependencia de tratamientos químicos en el cultivo de cacao.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Ángel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira, César Fabián Varas Beltrán, Ítalo Fernando Espinoza Guerra, Camilo Alexander Mestanza Uquillas, Ketty Vanessa Arellano Ibarra, Odalis Celine Vilela Sabando (Autor/a)
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